fa دوگان های تقریبی تعریف شده به‌وسیلۀ ضرب گرها و نقش آن ها در بازسازی سیگنال ها جبر alg علمی پژوهشی کاربردی S <p><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در این مقاله انواع جدیدی از دوگان&shy;ها و دوگان&shy;های تقریبی در فضاهای هیلبرت را با استفاده از ضرب&shy;گرها، عملگرهای وارون&shy;پذیر و نشانه&shy;ها معرفی می‌کنیم. تاکنون مقالات متعددی در مورد دوگان&shy;های تقریبی و کاربردهای آن&shy;ها نوشته شده که در این مقالات دوگان&shy;های تقریبی برای دنباله&shy;های بسل بررسی شده‌&shy;اند. در این‌جا دوگان&shy;های تقریبی را برای دنباله&shy;های دلخواه در یک فضای هیلبرت تعریف کرده، آن&shy;ها را با دوگان&shy;های تقریبی بسل مورد مقایسه قرارداده و نشان می&shy;دهیم با وجود این&shy;که این دوگان&shy;های تقریبی لزوماً تمام خواص دوگان&shy;های تقریبی بسل را ندارند اما می&shy;توانند در بازسازی سیگنال&shy;ها مفید واقع شوند. علاوه بر&shy;&shy;این، نتایج جدیدی برای دوگان&shy;های تقریبی بسل به&shy;دست می&shy;آوریم.</span></span><br> &nbsp;</p> Paper pages (237-252)<br> <strong>Introduction</strong><br> &lrm;Frames for Hilbert spaces were first introduced by Duffin and&lrm; &lrm;Schaeffer in 1952 to study some problems in nonharmonic&lrm; &lrm;Fourier series&lrm;, &lrm;reintroduced in 1986 by Daubechies&lrm;, &lrm;Grossmann and&lrm; &lrm;Meyer&lrm;. &lrm;Various generalizations of frames have been introduced and many applications of them in different branches have been presented&lrm;.<br> &lrm;&lrm;Bessel multipliers in Hilbert spaces were introduced by Peter Balazs&lrm;. &lrm;As we know in frame theory&lrm;, &lrm;the composition of the synthesis and analysis operators of a frame is called the frame operator&lrm;. &lrm;<span dir="RTL">A</span> multiplier for two Bessel sequences is an operator that combines the analysis operator&lrm;, &lrm;a multiplication pattern with a fixed sequence&lrm;, &lrm;called the symbol&lrm;, &lrm;and the synthesis operator&lrm;. &lrm;Bessel multipliers have useful applications&lrm;, &lrm;for example they are used for solving approximation problems and they have applications as time-variant filters in acoustical signal processing&lrm;&lrm;. We mention that many generalizations of Bessel multipliers have been introduced, also multipliers have been studied for non-Bessel sequences.<br> &lrm;Approximate duals in frame theory have important applications&lrm;, &lrm;especially are used for the reconstruction of signals when it is difficult to find alternate duals&lrm;. &lrm;Approximate duals are useful for wavelets&lrm;, &lrm;Gabor systems and in sensor modeling&lrm;. &lrm;Approximate duality of frames in Hilbert spaces was recently investigated by Christensen and Laugesen and some interesting applications of approximate duals were obtained&lrm;. &lrm;For example&lrm;, &lrm;it was shown that how approximate duals can be obtained via perturbation theory and some applications of approximate duals to Gabor frames especially Gabor frames generated by the Gaussian were presented&lrm;. Afterwards, many authors studied approximate duals of Bessel sequences and many properties and generalizations of them were presented. In this note, we consider approximate duals for arbitrary sequences.<br> <strong>Results and discussion</strong><br> In this paper, we introduce some new kinds of duals and approximate duals in Hilbert spaces using multipliers, invertible operators and symbols. Many papers about approximate duals and their applications have been written so far which in these papers approximate duals have been considered for Bessel sequences. Here, we introduce approximate duals for arbitrary sequences in a Hilbert space, compare them with Bessel approximate duals and we show that they can be useful for the reconstruction of signals though they do not have all of the properties of Bessel approximate duals. Moreover, we obtain some new results for Bessel approximate duals.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><br> The following conclusions were drawn from this research. <ul> <li>New kinds of duals and approximate duals for arbitrary sequences are introduced using multipliers, invertible operators and symbols.</li> <li>Duals and approximate duals of non-Bessel sequences are compared with the Bessel ones and some differences between them are shown by presenting various examples.</li> <li>Some properties and applications of duals and approximate duals of non-Bessel sequences are stated.</li> <li>Some new results about duals and approximate duals of Bessel sequences are obtained especially some important concepts such as closeness of Bessel sequences, nearly Parseval frames and multipliers with constant symbols are related to approximate duals of frames.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="./files/site1/files/52/12.pdf">./files/site1/files/52/12.pdf</a></li> </ul>  فضای هیلبرت, دنبالۀ بسل, قاب, دوگان تقریبی, ضرب‌گر, بازسازی سیگنال. Hilbert space, Bessel sequence, Frame, Approximate dual, Multiplier, Reconstruction of signals. 237 252 http://mmr.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-233-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Morteza Mirzaee Azandaryani مرتضی میرزایی ازندریانی morteza_ma62@yahoo.com 10031947532846003077 10031947532846003077 Yes Qom, University of Qom دانشگاه قم، دانشکدۀ علوم پایه، گروه ریاضی Mehdi Rahimi مهدی رحیمی m10.rahimi@gmail.com 10031947532846003078 10031947532846003078 No Qom, University of Qom دانشگاه قم، دانشکدۀ علوم پایه، گروه ریاضی